Saturday 29 June 2013

Experiment photos from 26/6/13


These photos were from when we were doing an experiment with the cameras and lights. Three of us were miming to lonely boy by the black keys while two others were moving the camera around all of us filming us. 


This shows the cameras and lights being set up before starting the filming experiment.


This shows when they had been set up and the experiment was about to start. 


This shows us starting to move the camera around and filming.


This shows the cameras and lights being set up.

This shows us filming with the cameras and moving it around filming the people who were lip syncing with the song. 




Tuesday 25 June 2013

Fij music video

Fij music video

  • I thought that the lip syncing was quite poor towards the beginning of the music video but it got better towards the end.
  • They used repeated shots of the train. I believe that they could have used different shots and shot sizes at different angles which would have made it different and more exciting rather than using the same shots. 
  • I thought that the framing could have been better. They could have put the person in the frame better. 
  • I thought that they used some special effects that looked good. I especially liked how they had put someone's face into a book. 

The Smiling music video

The Smiling music video

  • In some parts of the video, the lip syncing was off. Especially one of the performers wasn't edited correctly so the lip syncing wasn't accurate.
  • I didn't think the co-op sequence fitted in the video. It didn't really have anything to do with the narrative.
  • I thought that the video needed a wider variety of shots. When the band were playing, there were a lot of close-ups but I thought they could have used other shots at different angles.
  • The mise en scene was used well, but in some parts I thought that the setting was too dark. I thought that playing where they did was a really good idea which went well with the genre. 
  • Some of the beat-driven acting was not synced with the audio.
  • At some points, there was some dodgy framing. The characters and band weren't framed in the centre of the frame and some of it felt a bit tight. 
  • They controlled the camera well as the camera didn't move around much which was good.
  • I thought that they edited the video very well with good transitions and the video flowed well. 
  • In other parts of the video, apart from what I have mentioned, the lip syncing worked very well. 
  • The shots of the band playing were in focus well so they could be seen clearly so it shows that they used the camera well. 
  • The co-op shots were quite grainy but were well focused.

Thursday 20 June 2013

Lighting photos from 20//06/13

These photos were from when we experimented with the lights and the cameras.


This photo above shows the Sony Z5 camera that we used. It is the larger camera that we used and the smaller camera was the DSLR. 


This photo above shows one of the lights that we used to experiment. The photo shows a filter on the light which adds colour to the filming and makes it brighter. 


This photo above shows the two camera that we used on tripods. The camera on the left is the Sony Z5 and the camera on the right is the DSLR. 


This photo above shows another one of the lights that we used. It again shows a filter on the light that changes the colour.


This photo shows the third light that we used and again shows a different coloured filter on the light. 

Wednesday 19 June 2013

Cameras and Lights photos from 19/6/13

All these photos were from when we were being shown how 2 cameras work. Both cameras were on tripods and one of them was a DSLR camera. 3 of the photos were also from when we were setting the lights up.


This photo above is of Tom pointing to the shutter button on the camera which can speed up the frame rates on the camera. 


This photo above shows the DSLR camera we were using and being shown how to use. 


This is another photo of the smaller DSLR camera from a different view, this time from the side of the camera. 


This is a better  photo of the larger camera which again shows Tom pointing to the shutter button which can speed up the frame rate on the camera.


This photo is a close-up of some of the buttons on the larger camera. The thinner sliding button changes the light on the camera and makes it lighter and darker depending on whether the photographer wants to film something lighter or darker. 


This is another close-up of some of the buttons on the larger camera. 


This photo above shows one of the lights that we had to set up. These lights are useful for filming as it can add more light to the filming. 


This is another one of the lights that we had to set up. 


This is the same light from the previous photo but shot from a different angle. 

In this session I had, I mainly learnt about the shutter button, exposure button and the aperture button. The shutter button makes the camera in focus and allows the photographer to change the lighting of the filming or photo. It changes between light and dark. The exposure button allows the photographer to set the exposure of the photo and the aperture button allows the photographer to set the aperture on the camera. I also learned about the automatic/manual button as the manual setting is the best to use when filming something, as that allows the photographer to have total control of the camera. 

Monday 17 June 2013

Textual Analysis - Use Somebody, Kings of Leon



Artist - Kings Of Leon

Genre - Alternative Rock

Producer - Jacquire King, Angelo Petraglia

When it was created - It was recorded in 2008 and released on December 9th 2008.

Record Labels - RCA, Sony

Mise en scene
Locations - The two main locations used in this video are a stage and a big city. The stage location makes it look like the band are actually performing as they are using microphones and instruments. It is night time when the city location is used, and this is similar to the rock genre. It's similar to the rock genre because the rock genre is usually associated with dark colours. Another location that is used in the video is a pub. The pub's colours are also quite dark. Another location which looks like the band's dressing room is also used in the video. If it is the bad's dressing room, it shows what their everyday lifestyle is like and gives the viewer a sense of this.
Costume and Make-up - The performers in the video are mainly dressed in black and white clothing. These colours are similar to the colours known in the rock genre, which suggests to the audience that the performers are rock singers. Some of the people in the video also have longish hair which could suggest that they are rock singers, because most rock singers have long hair.
Props - The props in this music video are used by the band. They use microphones to lip sync into, which makes it look like they are singing. The other props used in the video are instruments. The instruments used are guitars and drums. This makes it look like the band are actually playing the music.
Performance - In the video, the artists are represented as a band playing their music and singing on a stage. This is because of the props used when the artists are performing. The performers are also represented as  a band in every day life because of the location used that looks like the band's dressing room.
Lighting - The lighting used in the video is low-key lighting and natural lighting. The high-key lighting allows the characters and performers to be seen clearly, and the lighting also creates a chiaroscuro effect. The lighting also makes the video a bit darker in some places, which is similar to the rock genre which can seem a bit dark. There is also natural lighting and this mainly comes from stage lights when the band are performing, and street and building lights in the city.
Colour Palette - The colour palette in the video is mainly made up of dark colours. This makes it feel like a rocky feeling, as rock music is usually associated with dark colours.

Camera Techniques - Throughout the video, the performers are framed mainly in the centre of the frame. This shows the audience that they are the most important in that frame at that time. Sometimes, when the band are shown playing, the framing puts the main singers at the front in the centre of the frame, and the other members of the band who play the guitar and drums nearer the back and not quite in the centre. This clearly shows that the main singers are the main importance, and the others are in the background. There are a vast amount of shots used in the video such as an establishing shot, aerial shots, wide shots, extreme close-ups, close-ups, medium shots and long shots. The establishing shot is used right at the start of the video to set the main location, the aerial shot is used when looking down on the city to show the location again and the wide shots are mainly used on the band to show the whole band. An extreme close-up is used to show one of the performer's faces. I think this is used to show his facial expression, and the lip syncing that is being used. Other shots include close-ups, medium shots and long shots. Camera movements and angles are also used such as pans, tracking shots and zooms. Pans and zooms are again used to get a better view of the location, and the tracking shots are used to show the performer's movements. Throughout the video, the camera shots are in focus really well.

Edit Techniques -  I counted the edit cuts in the video and I counted that it has an edit rate of about 165 cuts. The edit rate of the video was very fast. At the beginning of the video, the edit pace was very quick and it kept at a similar pace throughout the video. There are different editing techniques used in the video such as cuts and fades. There are several cuts used and these are used to show passages of time in the video. I think they are also used to make a smoother transition through shots. At the start and end of the video, fades are used. A fade in from black is used to start the video and then a fade out to black is used to end the video.

Animation - I watched the video and I don't think that it used any animation.

Performance - There is a lot of performance used in the video. Lip syncing is used by the performers to make it look like they're actually singing, and I think that the lip syncing is really spot on. Singing to camera is also used by the performers to make it look like that they're singing. This is where I think the lip syncing is really good. Demonstrating musicianship is used by the performers as they use guitars and drums when they are performing.

Representation of the artists and other groups - In the video, the artists are represented as rock singers. We know that they've been represented as rock singers because of the props they use. They use drums and guitars which rock singers usually use.

Intertextuality - I watched the video and I don't think that it uses any intertextuality.

Where the video might be shown - The video will be shown on internet sites such as youtube which will promote the video and the band. The video might also be shown on music tv channels, mainly rock channels in order to promote the band, the video and their music. Finally, the video might be shown on in TV adverts in order to promote the band's music and albums.

Target Audience - I think the target audience for this video is everyone who likes Kings of leon but I think the main audience is men aged 16-40. I think this because men in this age group are the ones that enjoy this genre of music the most.





Textual Analysis - Wherever you will go, The Calling



Artist - The Calling

Genre - Alternative Rock

Producer - Marc Tanner

When it was created - It was recorded in 2000 and the video was released on June 4th 2001.

Record Labels - RCA Records

Mise en scene -
Locations - The locations used in this video are inside a house and outside by a bridge where there are lots of graffiti. The outside location looks like it uses a stage for the band to perform on. The stage like location makes it look like that they band are actually performing. The graffiti at the outside location is similar to the music genre as rock music is usually quite dark, like how the graffiti is used in the video. The other location is inside a house. I think this location is used to make it look like a real life atmosphere.
Costume and make-up - The band performers are mainly dressed in black clothing which suggests that they are rock performers. This is because the rock genre is usually associated with dark colours. The music band also mainly have longish hair in the video which is is also what bands are known for in the rock genre. The other characters in the video are dressed in normal clothes which gives the video a sense of every day lifestyle. The girl looks like she's dressed in summery clothing because of wearing an orange top, which is completely different to what the band are wearing.
Props - The props in this music video are used by the band. They use microphones to lip sync into, which makes it look like they are singing. The other props used in the video are instruments. The instruments used are guitars and drums. This makes it look like the band are actually playing the music.
Performance - In the video, the artists are represented as a band playing their music and singing on a stage. This is because of the props used when the artists are performing. Also in the video, the characters are represented as people living in an everyday atmosphere and lifestyle. The girl in the video is represented as someone who finds out about her boyfriend who is with someone else.
Lighting - The lighting used in the video is low-key lighting and natural lighting. The low-key lighting allows the characters and performers to be seen clearly, and the lighting also creates a chiaroscuro effect. The lighting also makes the video a bit darker in some places, which is similar to the rock genre which can seem a bit dark. Natural lighting is also used and this is from the sunshine outside. This creates a natural atmosphere in the video.
Colour Palette - The colour palette in the video is mainly made up of whites and creams. This makes it look a bit brighter. In some places, the colour palette can get a bit darker. The brighter colours create a sense of liveliness and an everyday atmosphere. The darker colours create a more rock genre feel to the video.

Camera Techniques - Throughout the video, the characters are framed mostly in the centre of the frame. Also, some characters are framed in the background which shows that they are background characters in certain places in the video. Being framed in the centre of frames, shows that they are important in the camera shots and the main characters in the video. There are a range of camera shots, movements and angles used in the music video. There are many shots used such as point of view shots, wide shots, two shots, close-ups, medium shots and long shots. The point of view shots are used to show the audience what the character is seeing, wide shots are used when the band are performing which allows the audience to see the whole band, and two shots are also used to show that there is a relationship between two people. In the video, there are a lot of close-ups used and there are also quite a few medium shots. The close-ups are mainly used to show the characters emotions in the video, and most of the medium shots are used to show the band performing. There are also several camera movements used such as tracking shots and zooms. The tracking shots are used to track the character's movements. This makes them the important subject in the shot. Zoom ins make the character's more important and the zoom outs make them seem less important in the shot.

Edit Techniques - I counted the edit cuts in the video and I counted that it has an edit rate of about 165 cuts. The edit rate of the video was very fast. It started off quite slow but then the editing pace quickened up throughout the video. The pace got really quick when most of the action happened involving the characters in the video. There are different editing techniques used in the video such as cuts and fades. There are several cuts used and these are used to show passages of time in the video. I think they are also used to make a smoother transition through shots. At the start and end of the video, fades are used. A fade in from black is used to start the video and then a fade out to black is used to end the video.

Animation - In the video, there isn't much animation used. The only bit of animation is when a character is pixelated in a shot. The character is pixelated in the background when the band are performing and I think this is used to make the character mysterious towards the audience.

Performance - There is a lot of performance used in the video. Lip syncing is used by the performers to make it look like they're actually singing, and I think that the lip syncing is really spot on. Singing to camera is also used by the performers, and acting as a character is also used. The acting in the video by the characters give the audience a sense that there is a story in the video. Finally, demonstrating musicianship is used by the performers as they use guitars and drums when they are performing.

Representation of the artists and other groups - In the video, the artists are represented as rock singers. We know that they've been represented as rock singers because of the props they use. They use drums and guitars which rock singers usually use.

Intertextuality - There is no intertextuality used in this music video.

Where the video might be shown - The video will be shown on internet sites such as youtube which will promote the video and the band. The video might also be shown on music tv channels, mainly rock channels which will also promote the band and their video to their fans and a wider audience. Finally, the video could be shown in TV adverts which would promote the band's music, usually their albums.

Target Audience - I think the target audience for this video can be everyone but mainly, the target audience is for men aged 16-40. I think this because men between these ages usually enjoy this genre of music more and are bigger fans of the band.




Textual Analysis - Sweet Disposition, The Temper Trap



Artist - The Temper Trap

Genre - Indie Rock

Producer - Jim Abbiss

When it was created - It was recorded in 2008 and was released on 16th September 2008.

Record Labels - Liberation, Infectious Records, Glassnote Records

Mise en scene -
Locations - There are not many locations used in this music video. The main location is inside quite a large building, and the other location is outside of the large building. Also in some places in the video, they use the roof as a small stage. I could tell this because one of the drummers was up on the roof drumming.
Costume and Make-up - The performers in the video are wearing grey and darker clothes. These sort of colours are associated with the rock genre, like the performer's hair. A couple of the performers in the band have longish hair which can also be associated with the rock genre.
Props - There are quite a few props that are used in the video. The props used in the video are instruments. The instruments used are guitars and drums. This makes it look like the band are actually playing the music. The performers also use drums and drum sticks to fling across the room. Another prop is used aswell but I'm not sure what that is. The props they use are to do with music, and when they fling the props across the room, I think slow motion is used. Usually, slow motion is used to show emotion but I think it is used here to show the action and moment.
Performance - In the video, the artists are represented as a band playing their music and singing on a stage. This is because of the props used when the artists are performing as they are seen playing guitars and drums.
Lighting - I don't think much lighting is used in the video. I noticed that natural lighting is used from the outside and from the windows that come into the inside room.
Colour Palette - The colour palette in the video is mainly made up of whites, browns and creams. This makes it look a bit brighter.These colours also look similar to the clothing that the performers are wearing. I also noticed that the colour palette looks quite soft.

Camera Techniques - Throughout the video, the characters are framed mostly in the centre of the frame. Also, some characters are framed in the background which shows that they are background characters in certain places in the video. Being framed in the centre of frames, shows that they are important in the camera shots and the main characters in the video. An example of this framing is when the main performer is lip syncing. He is shot in the centre of the frame, but the other musicians are framed behind him in the background.  There are a range of camera shots, movements and angles used in the music video. Many camera shots are used such as two shots, over the shoulder shots, long shots, mid shots, close-ups and wide shots. The two shots are used to show the relationship between two people, the wide shots are used to show the location and the over shoulder shots are used to show what different people are doing in the video. Also different movements are used such as slow-motion, tilts and zooms. The slow motion allows the audience to see the action clearer, the tilts allow them to see the whole subject and the zooms in and out change the importance. When it zooms in, the performers or the action become more important.

Edit Techniques - The pace of the editing in the video was very quick as I counted an estimated edit rate of about 140. This edit pace isn't as quick as some videos. There are different editing techniques used in the video such as cuts and fades. There are several cuts used and these are used to show passages of time in the video. I think they are also used to make a smoother transition through shots. At the start and end of the video, fades are used. A fade in from black is used to start the video and then a fade out to black is used to end the video.

Animation - I don't think the video uses any animation.

Performance - There is a bit of performance used in the video. Lip syncing is used by the performers to make it look like they're actually singing, and I think that the lip syncing is really spot on. Singing to camera is also used by the performers.  Demonstrating musicianship is used by the performers as they use guitars and drums when they are performing.

Representation of the artists and other groups - In the video, the artists are represented as rock singers. We know that they've been represented as rock singers because of the props they use. They use drums and guitars which rock singers usually use.

Intertextuality - I don't think the video uses any intertextuality

Where the video might be shown - The video will be shown on internet sites such as youtube to promote the band and their music. The video might also be shown on music channels, mainly rock channels in order to promote the music to their fans and a wider audience. I also think that the video could be shown in TV adverts to promote the band's music and albums.

Target Audience - I think that the target audience for this video is both genders and anyone who enjoys their music. I think the main age group is people aged between 16-36 because I think this age group is the people who listen to this genre of music the most.





Textual Analysis - Pompeii, Bastille


Artist - Bastille

Genre - Alternative Rock

Producer - Dan Smith, Mark Crew

When it was created - It was recorded in 2012 and was released on the 24th February 2013

Record Labels - Virgin Records

Mise en scene
Locations - There are several indoor and outdoor locations that are featured in the video. The indoor locations that are used are a large building, a cafe and an arcade casino. The outdoor locations are normal streets and roads, and a desert. I think these different locations are used to confuse the viewer and make it mysterious. This will make the viewer not really know what is going on the video.
Costume and make-up - The performer in the video is wearing all dark clothes which gives a sense of mysterious to the viewer. I think the dark clothes are used to make the character mysterious. The dark clothes have connotations of power and mystery. The video is set at night so it's dark like the clothing. This also gives the viewer a sense of mystery.
Props - There aren't many props that are used in the video. The only props are used are the car and the bike. These are used for the character to escape and travel with. Unlike the clothing, the car is not dark but the bike is. The bike also gives a sense of mystery because it's dark.
Performance - The Bastille performer is represented as a character in the video. He is shown as someone who is trying to escape from places after seeing people with weird eyes. He is represented as someone who is scared of this.
Lighting - In the video, a few lighting techniques are used. Ambient lighting is used in some places, especially when the performer was in the arcade casino where the lights from the machines were used and on the streets where the street lamps were used. Ambient lighting is used to make it a more natural atmosphere and make it feel and look normal. Low key lighting is also used to make the performer look visible as the video is set in a dark environment. This is used when the performer is syncing with the music or when he's walking down the street. This makes him mysterious.,Finally, chiaroscuro is used to add the effect of light and dark together. I think that chiaroscuro is used a lot when it's dark in the video.
Colour Palette - Because of most of it being set at night, a big chunk of the colour palette is black. This makes everything in the video seem mysterious.The colour palette is also made up of brighter colours such as creams and bright lights. These connotate purity and innocence. There are also light brown colours in the desert which connotate dry things.

Camera Techniques
I think that the performer in the video is framed very well. He is always shot in the middle of the frame which allows the viewer to realise that he is the main character. Each of the shots in the video are also in focus very well which allows for them to be seen clearly, and the camera also doesn't move around much which makes this better.There are plenty of camera shots, movements and angles in the video such as close-ups, medium shots, long shots, two shots, tracking shots, high angle shots, low angle shots, wide shots, overhead shots and zooms. Right at the start of the video, a zoom is used to zoom in on the main performer. This makes him mysterious early on in the video. Wide shots are used to show locations and where the performer is going such as when he is walking into the arcade casino. Tracking shots track his movements and overhead shots allow the audience to see what the performer is looking at and what's infront of him.
Edit Techniques
I had counted the amount of cuts there were in the video and I think I counted an estimated amount of just over 100. This isn't as many as some videos which shows that the video isn't too fast. The editing is quite fast in some places which shows intense action and can sometimes make the viewer feel disorientated, but overall the editing isn't really fast. The video just uses lots of straightforward cuts to cut from shot to shot and no other editing techniques are used to cut to different shots such as dissolves or wipes. But at the start and end of the video, fades are used. A fade in from black is used at the start of the video and a fade out to black is used at the end of the video.

Animation
I don't think there was any animation used in the video.

Performance
In the video, the performer didn't show any musicianship but good lip synching and acting as a character were both used. The lip synching was well in time so it was edited well. In the video, the performer was acting as a character. He was acting as a character who was escaping from different locations because he was scared of what was in people's eyes.

Intertextuality
There was no intertextuality used in the video so there were no references to films, books or other videos.

Voyeurism
I don't think there was any voyeurism used to promote the video and band.

Where the video might be shown
The video will be shown on music channels on TV. It'll probably be mostly shown on rock and pop channels, and the chart show channels. This is so the band and their music are promoted to a wider audience. I also think that snippets of the video would be shown on TV adverts to promote the band.

Target Audience
I think that the target audience is for both genders and all ages but the main age range would be 15 - 35 because I think that's the main age group that listen to this genre of music.











Textual Analysis - Radioactive, Imagine Dragons



Artist - Imagine Dragons

Genre of music - Alternative Rock/Indie Rock/Electronic Rock

Producer - Alex da Kid

When it was created - It was recorded in 2011 in the Westlake Recording Studios, California and it was released on May 3rd 2013.

Record Companies - KIDinaKORNER, Interscope, Universal

Mise en scene
  Setting - The video is set in 2 different locations. The first setting we see is some woods out in the countryside and then the second location we see, which is seen for the rest of the video, is a small fightclub located in a barn. The locations are completely different to what is going on in the video. The countryside location is very calm and quiet which is also shown by a small barn, but inside the barn it is very action packed with a lot going on.
Clothing - From the first shot, we can tell that the girl who is walking in the woods is wearing a hooded top and is carrying something with her. Her hoodie could suggest that it's a cold day but it could also imply that she doesn't want to be seen. This makes the viewer feel that she's mysterious. She also seems mysterious to the viewer because she is walking through the woods which demonstrates that she doesn't want to be seen. In the fight club, most of the people are wearing brown hats and smart brown clothing. This suggests that it's a formal event but also shows that it is a countryside location which goes with the opening shot that we see. They are also wearing hats that we usually see people wearing out in the country.
Props - The main props that are used in the video are the fightclub, the puppets and the big drum that the performers are using. The fightclub and puppets are used because they're what the story's about in the video. I think that the drum is used because the performers are musicians and a drum could be used to start the fight.
Performance - I think that the characters in the video are represented as gamblers and business men. This is because they are dressed very smartly and they also have money with them that they are throwing around.
Lighting - In the video, it uses a lot of natural lighting and low-key lighting. I think a lot of ambient lighting is used to make the surroundings and location look real and natural. It shows that the place is natural and no extra lighting is needed in some places such as when the girl is walking through the woods. I also think low-key lighting is used to make the characters visible. It also creates the effect of chiaroscuro which shows the effect of mixing light and dark.
Colour Palette - The colour palette of the video is usually, natural, dark and brown. The dark and brown colours go with the setting of the countryside location to create a dull mood. These dark colours also have connotations of warmth and nature which again goes with the nature setting at the start of the video. Dark colours are also used in the fight club because fight clubs are usually quite dark. The colours used are also quite subdued as they are soft. I think this is used to show that the fightclub is quite contained and goes with what's happening in the video.

Camera Techniques
I think that the shots in the video are framed very well. The people in shot are mostly shot in the middle of the frame which shows that they are the main focus in the shot. The framing is also good as some people are shown in the background which suggests that they are background characters. Each shot is also in focus very well. This could have been done by using a tripod, handheld camera or steadicam. The camera doesn't move around much which keeps the shots in focus. I noticed that a range of camera movements, shots and angles were used such as high and low angle shots, close-ups, medium shots, long shots, two shots, wide shots and tracking shots. For the main action in the video, a lot of close-ups are used. I think these are used to focus on the characters individually. In this part of the video, the camera moves around a lot. This could be to make the viewer feel disorientated.

Editing Techniques - I counted the edit rate in the video and I think it has an estimated edit rate of 170 cuts. This editing is quite quick and I think this is used to disorientate the audience. In the video, there isn't really a range of editing techniques that have been used. Throughout the video, there are just straightforward cuts that cut from one shot to the next. There are also fades that are used at the start and end of the video. A fade in from black is used at the start and a fade out to black is used at the end.

Animation - At the start of the clip when a medium shot of the girl walking is used, pixelation is used on her face. This is used to disorientate the viewer and again  makes her mysterious for the viewer. Apart from that, there isn't much animation used in the video.

Performance - The video doesn't use any lip synching but the band Imagine Dragons do show their musicianship as one of the band members is shown playing the guitar. Also in the video, characters are shown in a fight club with puppets being used as the fighters.

Intertextuality - The music video doesn't make any reference to anything else.

Link between visuals and lyric

Voyeurism - I don't think there was any voyeurism used to promote the video and band.

Where the video might be shown - The video will most likely be shown on music channels on TV. I think it'll mainly be shown on the rock channels but it will also be shown on the chart shows. This is to promote the band's music so people will watch the video and buy the band's music. There could also be small snippets of the video on TV adverts promoting the band's album.

Target Audience - I think that the target audience is for both genders and all ages but the main age range would be 15 - 35 because I think that's the main age group that listen to this genre of music.